Performance Analysis of RPL Protocols in LLN Network Using Friedman’s Test

Abstract

This paper provides a comparison study of the quality services of RPL protocols in low-power and lossy networks (LLN). We evaluate and compare our proposed protocol which is an extension of RPL based on Operator Calculus (OC), called RPL-OC, with the standard and other RPL variants. OC based approach is applied to extract the feasible end-to-end paths while assigning a rank to each one. The goal is to provide a tuple that containing the most efficient paths in end-to-end manner by considering more network metrics instead of one. Further, to address some significant issues of the performance analysis, a statistical test has been performed in order to determine whether the proposed protocol outperforms others or not by using Friedman test. The results show that there is a strong indication that four different protocols were analyzed and compared. It reveals that the proposed scheme outperforms others, especially in terms of end-to-end delay and energy consumption which allow ensuring quality of services requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) or smart city applications.

Index Terms—RPL, Routing, LLN, IoT, Friedman Test.

This paper has been already accepted on the Symposium on Solutions for Smart Cities Challenges 2020 (SSCC 2020) in conjunction with The Seventh International Conference on Internet of Things: Systems, Management and Security (IoTSMS 2020), Paris, France, December 14-16, 2020. Accepted papers will appear in the IoTSMS Proceeding and to be submitted to IEEE Xplore for inclusion. And in addition, this paper is one of the Workshops Best Paper Nominees. However, due to pandemic Covid-19, the conference is transformed into an online virtual conference.

 

Screenshot of Workshops Best Paper Nominees (Taken from the Opening Slides of keynote speaker)

Screenshot from the virtual conference.

Colmar, 16 December 2020

Operator calculus approach for route optimizing and enhancing wireless sensor network

This is the abstract of my paper which accepted and published at Journal of Network and Computer Applications,Vol 97, pp. 1-10. 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnca.2017.08.007.

Abstract
Route optimization is one of important feature in wireless sensor networks in order to enhancing the life time of WSNs. Since Centrality is one of the greatest challenges in computing and estimating the important node metrics of a structural graph, it is necessary to calculate and determine the importance of a node in a network. This paper proposes an alternative way to optimizing the route problems which is based on multi-constrained optimal path (MCOP) and operator calculus approach. A novel routing protocol called Path Operator Calculus Centrality (POCC) is proposed as a new method to determine the main path which contains high centrality nodes in a wireless sensor network deployment. The estimation of centrality is using the operator calculus approach based on network topology which provides optimal paths for each source node to base station. Some constraints such as energy level and bit error rate (BER) of node are considered to define the path centrality in this approach. The simulation evaluation shows improved performance in terms of energy consumption and network lifetime.

Keywords
Wireless Sensor Network, Multi-constrained Optimal Path Centrality, Path Centrality, Operator Calculus